@book{vasseur10interconnecting,
author = {Jean-Philippe Vasseur and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Interconnecting Smart Objects with {IP} - The Next
{Internet}},
year = 2010,
publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
isbn = {978-0123751652},
url = {http://TheNextInternet.org/}
}
1.95.
@article{dutta12operating,
author = {Prabal Dutta and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Operating Systems and Network Protocols for Wireless
Sensor Networks},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A},
volume = 370,
number = 1958,
pages = {68--84},
month = jan,
day = 13,
year = 2012
}
@inproceedings{osterlind12strawman,
title = {Strawman: Resolving Collisions in Bursty Low-Power
Wireless Networks},
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Luca Mottola and Thiemo Voigt
and Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Information Processing in Sensor Networks},
year = 2012,
month = apr,
address = {Beijing, China},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/osterlind12strawman.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{duquennoy11lossy,
author = {Simon Duquennoy and Fredrik {\"Osterlind} and Adam
Dunkels},
title = {{Lossy Links, Low Power, High Throughput}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems, ACM SenSys 2011},
month = nov,
year = 2011,
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/duquennoy11lossy.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{ko11beyond,
author = {JeongGil Ko and Joakim Eriksson and Nicolas Tsiftes
and Stephen Dawson-Haggerty and Mathilde Durvy and
JP Vasseur and Andreas Terzis and Adam Dunkels and
David Culler},
title = {{Beyond Interoperability: Pushing the Performance of
Sensornet IP Stacks}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems, ACM SenSys 2011},
month = nov,
year = 2011,
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/ko11beyond.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{tsiftes11database,
title = {A Database in Every Sensor},
author = {Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems, ACM SenSys 2011},
month = nov,
year = 2011,
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/tsiftes11database.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{kovatsch11low-power,
title = {{A Low-power CoAP for Contiki}},
author = {Matthias Kovatsch and Simon Duquennoy and Adam
Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Internet of
Things Technology and Architectures},
year = 2011,
month = oct,
address = {Valencia, Spain},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/kovatsch11low-power.pdf}
}
@article{lunden11politecast,
author = {Marcus Lunden and Adam Dunkels},
title = {{The Politecast Communcation Primitive for Low-Power
Wireless}},
journal = {The ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review},
month = apr,
year = 2011,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/lunden11politecast.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{ko11contikirpl,
author = {JeongGil Ko and Joakim Eriksson and Nicolas Tsiftes
and Stephen Dawson-Haggerty and Andreas Terzis and
Adam Dunkels and David Culler},
title = {{ContikiRPL and TinyRPL: Happy Together}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the workshop on Extending the
Internet to Low power and Lossy Networks (IP+SN
2011)},
month = apr,
year = 2011,
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/ko11contikirpl.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{duquennoy11leveraging,
author = {Simon Duquennoy and Niclas Wirstom and Nicolas
Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels},
title = {{Leveraging IP for Sensor Network Deployment}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the workshop on Extending the
Internet to Low power and Lossy Networks (IP+SN
2011)},
month = apr,
year = 2011,
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/duquennoy11leveraging.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels11announcement,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Luca Mottola and Nicolas Tsiftes
and {Fredrik \"Osterlind} and Joakim Eriksson and
Niclas Finne},
title = {{The Announcement Layer: Beacon Coordination for the
Sensornet Stack}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of EWSN 2011},
year = 2011,
month = feb,
address = {Bonn, Germany},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels11announcement.pdf},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels11announcement.pptx},
abstract = {Sensornet protocols periodically broadcast beacons
for neighborhood information advertisement, but
beacon transmissions are costly when power-saving
radio duty cycling mechanisms are used. We show that
piggybacking multiple beacons in a single
transmission significantly reduces transmission
costs and argue that this shows the need for a new
layer in the sensornet stackan announcement
layerthat coordinates beacons across upper layer
protocols. An announcement layer piggybacks beacons
and coordinates their transmission so that the total
number of transmissions is reduced. With an
announcement layer, new or mobile nodes can quickly
gather announcement information from all neighbors
and all protocols by issuing an announcement pull
operation. Likewise, protocols can quickly
disseminate new announcement information to all
neighbors by issuing an announcement push
operation. We have implemented an announcement layer
in the Contiki operating system and three data
collection and dissemination protocols on top of the
announcement layer. We show that beacon coordination
both improves protocol performance and reduces power
consumption.}
}
@book{vasseur10interconnecting,
author = {Jean-Philippe Vasseur and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Interconnecting Smart Objects with {IP} - The Next
{Internet}},
year = 2010,
publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
isbn = {978-0123751652},
url = {http://TheNextInternet.org/}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind10strawman,
title = {{StrawMAN: Making Sudden Traffic Surges Graceful in
Low-Power Wireless Networks}},
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Niklas Wirström and Nicolas
Tsiftes and Niclas Finne and Thiemo Voigt and Adam
Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 ACM HotEMNETS Workshop on
Hot Topics in Embedded Networked Sensosr},
year = 2010,
month = jun,
address = {Killarney, Ireland},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/osterlind10strawman.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{yazar09efficient,
title = {{Efficient Application Integration in IP-based
Sensor Networks}},
author = {Dogan Yazar and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of ACM BuildSys 2009, the First ACM
Workshop On Embedded Sensing Systems For
Energy-Efficiency In Buildings},
month = nov,
year = 2009,
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/yazar09efficient.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{tsiftes09enabling,
title = {{Enabling Large-Scale Storage in Sensor Networks
with the Coffee File System}},
author = {Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels and Zhitao He and
Thiemo Voigt},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International
Conference on Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN 2009)},
year = 2009,
month = apr,
address = {San Francisco, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/tsiftes09enabling.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{durvy08making,
author = {Mathilde Durvy and Julien Abeill\'e and Patrick
Wetterwald and Colin O'Flynn and Blake Leverett and
Eric Gnoske and Michael Vidales and Geoff Mulligan
and Nicolas Tsiftes and Niclas Finne and Adam
Dunkels},
title = {Making Sensor Networks IPv6 Ready},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys 2008), poster
session},
year = 2008,
month = nov,
address = {Raleigh, North Carolina, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/durvy08making.pdf},
note = {Best poster award}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind08approaching,
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Approaching the Maximum 802.15.4 Multi-hop
Throughput},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Workshop on Embedded
Networked Sensors (HotEmNets 2008)},
year = 2008,
month = jun,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/osterlind08approaching.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{tsiftes08efficient,
title = {Efficient Sensor Network Reprogramming through
Compression of Executable Modules},
author = {Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual IEEE Communications
Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh, and Ad Hoc
Communications and Networks},
year = 2008,
month = jun
}
@inbook{dunkels09operating,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
chapter = {Operating Systems for Wireless Embedded Devices},
title = {The Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and
Engineering},
year = 2009,
month = jan,
address = {Hoboken, NJ, USA},
pages = {2039--2045},
volume = 4,
isbn = {978-0-471-38393-2},
editor = {Benjamin W. Wah}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels07adaptive,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Fredrik Österlind and Zhitao He},
title = {An Adaptive Communication Architecture for Wireless
Sensor Networks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems (SenSys 2007)},
year = 2007,
month = nov,
address = {Sydney, Australia},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels07adaptive.pdf},
abstract = {As sensor networks move towards increasing
heterogeneity, the number of link lay ers, MAC
protocols, and underlying transportation mechanisms
increases. System developers must adapt their
applications and systems to accommodate a wid e
range of underlying protocols and
mechanisms. However, existing communication
architectures for sensor networks are not design ed
for this heterogeneity and therefore the system
developer must redevelop thei r systems for each
underlying communication protocol or mechanism. To
remedy this situation, we present a communication
architecture that adapts to a wide range of
underlying communication mechanisms, from the MAC
layer to the transport layer, without requiring any
changes to applications or protocols. We show that
the architecture is expressive enough to accommodate
typical sensor network protocols. Measurements show
that the increase in execution time over a
non-adaptive architecture is small.},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/dunkels07adaptive.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels07softwarebased,
title = {Software-based On-line Energy Estimation for Sensor
Nodes},
author = {Adam Dunkels and Fredrik Österlind and Nicolas
Tsiftes and Zhitao He},
year = 2007,
month = jun,
address = {Cork, Ireland},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Embedded
Networked Sensors (Emnets IV)},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels07softwarebased.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/dunkels07softwarebased.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels06protothreads,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Oliver Schmidt and Thiemo Voigt and
Muneeb Ali},
title = {Protothreads: Simplifying Event-Driven Programming
of Memory-Constrained Embedded Systems},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2006)},
year = 2006,
month = nov,
address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
abstract = {Event-driven programming is a popular model for
writing programs for tiny embedded systems and
sensor network nodes. While event-driven programming
can keep the memory overhead down, it enforces a
state machine programming style which makes many
programs difficult to write, maintain, and debug. We
present a novel programming abstraction called
protothreads that makes it possible to write
event-driven programs in a thread-like style, with a
memory overhead of only two bytes per
protothread. We show that protothreads significantly
reduce the complexity of a number of widely used
programs previously written with event-driven state
machines. For the examined programs the majority of
the state machines could be entirely removed. In the
other cases the number of states and transitions was
drastically decreased. With protothreads the number
of lines of code was reduced by one third. The
execution time overhead of protothreads is on the
order of a few processor cycles.},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06protothreads.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06protothreads.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels06runtime,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Niclas Finne and Joakim Eriksson
and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Run-Time Dynamic Linking for Reprogramming Wireless
Sensor Networks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2006)},
year = 2006,
month = nov,
address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
abstract = {From experience with wireless sensor networks it has become apparent
that dynamic reprogramming of the sensor nodes is a useful
feature. The resource constraints in terms of energy, memory, and
processing power make sensor network reprogramming a challenging
task. Many different mechanisms for reprogramming sensor nodes have
been developed ranging from full image replacement to virtual
machines.
We have implemented an in-situ run-time dynamic linker and loader that
use the standard ELF object file format. We show that run-time dynamic
linking is an effective method for reprogramming even resource
constrained wireless sensor nodes. To evaluate our dynamic linking
mechanism we have implemented an application-specific virtual machine
and a Java virtual machine and compare the energy cost of the
different linking and execution models. We measure the energy
consumption and execution time overhead on real hardware to quantify
the energy costs for dynamic linking.
Our results suggest that while in general the overhead of a virtual
machine is high, a combination of native code and virtual machine code
provide good energy efficiency. Dynamic run-time linking can be used
to update the native code, even in heterogeneous networks.},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06runtime.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06runtime.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind06crosslevel,
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels and Joakim
Eriksson and Niclas Finne and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Cross-Level Sensor Network Simulation with COOJA},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop
on Practical Issues in Building Sensor Network
Applications (SenseApp 2006)},
year = 2006,
month = nov,
address = {Tampa, Florida, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/osterlind06crosslevel.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels05using,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Oliver Schmidt and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {{Using Protothreads for Sensor Node Programming}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the REALWSN'05 Workshop on Real-World
Wireless Sensor Networks},
year = 2005,
month = jun,
address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels05using.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/protothreads-realwsn05.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{ritter05experimental,
author = {Hartmut Ritter and Jochen Schiller and Thiemo Voigt
and Adam Dunkels and Juan Alonso},
title = {{Experimental Evaluation of Lifetime Bounds for
Wireless Sensor Networks}},
year = 2005,
month = jan,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on
Sensor Networks (EWSN2005)},
address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
abstract = {In this paper we present a method for experimental
lifetime measurements of sensor networks. Despite
the importance of experimental validation, none of
the lifetime models proposed so far has been
validated experimentally. One of the reasons for the
absence of practical validations might be the long
lifetime of batteries which make the validation of
the proposed models non-trivial and time
consuming. Our solution enables validation of
lifetime models within a reasonable amount of
time. We also use our method to validate a simple
mathematical model that provides bounds on the
lifetime of sensor networks.},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/ewsn2005.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04contiki,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Björn Grönvall and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Contiki - a Lightweight and Flexible Operating
System for Tiny Networked Sensors},
year = 2004,
month = nov,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First IEEE Workshop on Embedded
Networked Sensors (Emnets-I)},
address = {Tampa, Florida, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels04contiki.pdf},
abstract = {Wireless sensor networks are composed of large
numbers of tiny networked devices that communicate
untethered. For large scale networks it is important
to be able to dynamically download code into the
network. In this paper we present Contiki, a
lightweight operating system with support for
dynamic loading and replacement of individual
programs and services. Contiki is built around an
event-driven kernel but provides optional preemptive
multithreading that can be applied to individual
processes. We show that dynamic loading and
unloading is feasible in a resource constrained
environment, while keeping the base system
lightweight and compact.},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/contiki-emnets.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04connecting,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and Juan Alonso and
Hartmut Ritter and Jochen Schiller},
title = {{Connecting Wireless Sensornets with TCP/IP
Networks}},
year = 2004,
month = feb,
address = {Frankfurt (Oder), Germany},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications
(WWIC2004)},
abstract = {{Wireless sensor networks are based on the
collaborative efforts of many small wireless sensor
nodes, which collectively are able to form networks
through which sensor information can be
gathered. Such networks usually cannot operate in
complete isolation, but must be connected to an
external network to which monitoring and controlling
entities are connected. As TCP/IP, the Internet
protocol suite, has become the de-facto standard for
large-scale networking, it is interesting to be able
to connect sensornets to TCP/IP networks. In this
paper, we discuss three different ways to connect
sensor networks with TCP/IP networks: proxy
architectures, DTN overlays, and TCP/IP for sensor
networks. We conclude that the methods are in some
senses orthogonal and that combinations are
possible, but that TCP/IP for sensor networks
currently has a number of issues that require
further research before TCP/IP can be a viable
protocol family for sensor networking. }},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/wwic2004.pdf},
note = {(C) Copyright 2004 Springer
Verlag. http://www.springer.de/comp/lncs/index.html}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04making,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and Juan Alonso},
title = {{Making TCP/IP Viable for Wireless Sensor Networks}},
year = 2004,
month = jan,
address = {Berlin, Germany},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First European Workshop on
Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2004),
work-in-progress session},
abstract = {{The TCP/IP protocol suite, which has proven itself
highly successful in wired networks, is often
claimed to be unsuited for wireless micro-sensor
networks. In this work, we question this
conventional wisdom and present a number of
mechanisms that are intended to enable the use of
TCP/IP for wireless sensor networks: spatial IP
address assignment, shared context header
compression, application overlay routing, and
distributed TCP caching (DTC). Sensor networks based
on TCP/IP have the advantage of being able to
directly communicate with an infrastructure
consisting either of a wired IP network or of
IP-based wireless technology such as GPRS. We have
implemented parts of our mechanisms both in a
simulator environment and on actual sensor nodes,
and preliminary results are promising.}},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/ewsn2004.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels03full,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {{Full TCP/IP for 8 Bit Architectures}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First ACM/Usenix International
Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and
Services (MobiSys 2003)},
year = {2003},
month = may,
organization = usenix,
address = {San Francisco},
abstract = {{We describe two small and portable TCP/IP
implementations fulfilling the subset of RFC1122
requirements needed for full host-to-host
interoperability. Our TCP/IP implementations do not
sacrifice any of TCP's mechanisms such as urgent
data or congestion control. They support IP fragment
reassembly and the number of multiple simultaneous
connections is limited only by the available
RAM. Despite being small and simple, our
implementations do not require their peers to have
complex, full-size stacks, but can communicate with
peers running a similarly light-weight stack. The
code size is on the order of 10 kilobytes and RAM
usage can be configured to be as low as a few
hundred bytes.}},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/mobisys2003.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/mobisys/mobisys-presentation.ppt}
}
1.95.
@phdthesis{dunkels07programming,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {{Programming Memory-Constrained Networked Embedded
Systems}},
month = feb,
year = 2007,
school = {Swedish Institute of Computer Science},
number = 47,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels07programming.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/dunkels07programming.ppt}
}
@misc{dunkels05towards,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {{Towards TCP/IP for Wireless Sensor Networks}},
howpublished = {Licentiate thesis},
month = mar,
year = 2005,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels05towards.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/lic-seminar.pdf},
abstract = {Wireless sensor networks are composed of large
numbers---up to thousands---of tiny radio-equipped
sensors. Every sensor has a small microprocessor
with enough power to allow the sensors to
autonomously form networks through which sensor
information is gathered. Wireless sensor networks
makes it possible to monitor places like nuclear
disaster areas or volcano craters without requiring
humans to be immediately present. Many wireless
sensor network applications cannot be performed in
isolation; the sensor network must somehow be
connected to monitoring and controlling
entities.
This thesis investigates a novel
approach for connecting sensor networks to existing
networks: by using the TCP/IP protocol suite in the
sensor network, the sensors can be directly
connected to an outside network without the need for
special proxy servers or protocol converters.
Bringing TCP/IP to wireless sensor networks is a
challenging task, however. First, because of their
limited physical size and low cost, sensors are
severely constrained in terms of memory and
processing power. Traditionally, these constraints
have been considered too limiting for a sensor to be
able to use the TCP/IP protocols. In this thesis, I
show that even tiny sensors can communicate using
TCP/IP. Second, the harsh communication conditions
make TCP/IP perform poorly in terms of both
throughput and energy efficiency. With this thesis,
I suggest a number of optimizations that are
intended to increase the performance of TCP/IP for
sensor networks.
The results of the work
presented in this thesis has had a significant
impact on the embedded TCP/IP networking
community. The software developed as part of the
thesis has become widely known in the community. The
software is mentioned in books on embedded systems
and networking, is used in academic courses on
embedded systems, is the focus of articles in
professional magazines, is incorporated in embedded
operating systems, and is used in a large number of
embedded devices.}
}
@techreport{dunkels01minimal,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {Minimal {TCP}/{IP} implementation with proxy
support},
institution = {SICS -- Swedish Institute of Computer Science},
year = 2001,
number = {T2001:20},
month = feb,
note = {Master's thesis},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/thesis.pdf},
abstract = {Over the last years, interest for connecting small
devices such as sensors to an existing network
infrastructure such as the global Internet has
steadily increased. Such devices often has very
limited CPU and memory resources and may not be able
to run an instance of the TCP/IP protocol suite. In
this thesis, techniques for reducing the resource
usage in a TCP/IP implemen- tation is presented. A
generic mechanism for o²oading the TCP/IP stack in a
small device is described. The principle the
mechanism is to move much of the resource demanding
tasks from the client to an intermediate agent known
as a proxy. In par- ticular, this pertains to the
bu®ering needed by TCP. The proxy does not require
any modi¯cations to TCP and may be used with any
TCP/IP implementation. The proxy works at the
transport level and keeps some of the end to end
semantics of TCP. Apart from the proxy mechanism, a
TCP/IP stack that is small enough in terms of
dynamic memory usage and code footprint to be used
in a minimal system has been developed. The TCP/IP
stack does not require help from a proxy, but may be
con¯gured to take advantage of a supporting proxy.}
}
1.95.
@inproceedings{dunkels12powertrace,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Joakim Eriksson and Niclas Finne
and Fredrik Österlind and Nicolas Tsiftes},
title = {Per-Packet Power Profiling: Power Tracking at
Network Scale and at Packet Granularity},
year = 2012,
month = jun,
booktitle = {Proceedings of INSS 2012},
address = {Antwerpen, Belgium}
}
@inproceedings{ko12pragmatic,
author = {JeongGil Ko and Nicolas Tsiftes and Andreas Terzis
and Adam Dunkels},
title = {{Pragmatic Low-Power Interoperability: ContikiMAC vs
TinyOS LPL}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE SECON 2012},
note = {Best poster award},
year = 2012,
month = jun,
address = {Seoul, Korea}
}
@techreport{dunkels11contikimac,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {{The ContikiMAC Radio Duty Cycling Protocol}},
month = dec,
year = 2011,
number = {T2011:13},
institution = {Swedish Institute of Computer Science},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels11contikimac.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{duquennoy11snap,
author = {Simon Duquennoy and Niklas {Wirstr\"om} and Adam
Dunkels},
title = {Snap: Rapid Sensornet Deployment with a Sensornet
Appstore},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems, ACM SenSys 2011},
month = nov,
year = 2011,
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/duquennoy11snap.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind12strawman,
title = {Strawman: Resolving Collisions in Bursty Low-Power
Wireless Networks},
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Luca Mottola and Thiemo Voigt
and Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Information Processing in Sensor Networks},
year = 2012,
month = apr,
address = {Beijing, China},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/osterlind12strawman.pdf}
}
@article{dutta12operating,
author = {Prabal Dutta and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Operating Systems and Network Protocols for Wireless
Sensor Networks},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A},
volume = 370,
number = 1958,
pages = {68--84},
month = jan,
day = 13,
year = 2012
}
@inproceedings{duquennoy11lossy,
author = {Simon Duquennoy and Fredrik {\"Osterlind} and Adam
Dunkels},
title = {{Lossy Links, Low Power, High Throughput}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems, ACM SenSys 2011},
month = nov,
year = 2011,
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/duquennoy11lossy.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{ko11beyond,
author = {JeongGil Ko and Joakim Eriksson and Nicolas Tsiftes
and Stephen Dawson-Haggerty and Mathilde Durvy and
JP Vasseur and Andreas Terzis and Adam Dunkels and
David Culler},
title = {{Beyond Interoperability: Pushing the Performance of
Sensornet IP Stacks}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems, ACM SenSys 2011},
month = nov,
year = 2011,
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/ko11beyond.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{tsiftes11database,
title = {A Database in Every Sensor},
author = {Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems, ACM SenSys 2011},
month = nov,
year = 2011,
address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/tsiftes11database.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{kovatsch11low-power,
title = {{A Low-power CoAP for Contiki}},
author = {Matthias Kovatsch and Simon Duquennoy and Adam
Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Internet of
Things Technology and Architectures},
year = 2011,
month = oct,
address = {Valencia, Spain},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/kovatsch11low-power.pdf}
}
@article{lunden11politecast,
author = {Marcus Lunden and Adam Dunkels},
title = {{The Politecast Communcation Primitive for Low-Power
Wireless}},
journal = {The ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review},
month = apr,
year = 2011,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/lunden11politecast.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{ko11contikirpl,
author = {JeongGil Ko and Joakim Eriksson and Nicolas Tsiftes
and Stephen Dawson-Haggerty and Andreas Terzis and
Adam Dunkels and David Culler},
title = {{ContikiRPL and TinyRPL: Happy Together}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the workshop on Extending the
Internet to Low power and Lossy Networks (IP+SN
2011)},
month = apr,
year = 2011,
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/ko11contikirpl.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{duquennoy11leveraging,
author = {Simon Duquennoy and Niclas Wirstom and Nicolas
Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels},
title = {{Leveraging IP for Sensor Network Deployment}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the workshop on Extending the
Internet to Low power and Lossy Networks (IP+SN
2011)},
month = apr,
year = 2011,
address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/duquennoy11leveraging.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels11announcement,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Luca Mottola and Nicolas Tsiftes
and {Fredrik \"Osterlind} and Joakim Eriksson and
Niclas Finne},
title = {{The Announcement Layer: Beacon Coordination for the
Sensornet Stack}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of EWSN 2011},
year = 2011,
month = feb,
address = {Bonn, Germany},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels11announcement.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels11announcement.pptx},
abstract = {Sensornet protocols periodically broadcast beacons
for neighborhood information advertisement, but
beacon transmissions are costly when power-saving
radio duty cycling mechanisms are used. We show that
piggybacking multiple beacons in a single
transmission significantly reduces transmission
costs and argue that this shows the need for a new
layer in the sensornet stackan announcement
layerthat coordinates beacons across upper layer
protocols. An announcement layer piggybacks beacons
and coordinates their transmission so that the total
number of transmissions is reduced. With an
announcement layer, new or mobile nodes can quickly
gather announcement information from all neighbors
and all protocols by issuing an announcement pull
operation. Likewise, protocols can quickly
disseminate new announcement information to all
neighbors by issuing an announcement push
operation. We have implemented an announcement layer
in the Contiki operating system and three data
collection and dissemination protocols on top of the
announcement layer. We show that beacon coordination
both improves protocol performance and reduces power
consumption.}
}
@inproceedings{hoglund10interconnecting,
author = {Joel Höglund and Niclas Finne and Joakim Eriksson
and Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels and Cedric
Chauvenet and Mathieu Pouillot and Pierre-Emmanuel
Goudet and Bernard Tourancheau and Denis
Genon-Catalot},
title = {Poster Abstract: Interconnecting Low-Power Wireless
and Power-Line Communications using IPv6},
booktitle = {Proceedings of BuildSys 2010},
address = {Zurich, Switzerland},
month = nov,
year = 2010
}
@inproceedings{osterlind10cooja,
author = {Fredrik \"{O}sterlind and Joakim Eriksson and Adam
Dunkels},
title = {Cooja TimeLine: a power visualizer for sensor
network simulation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys 2010)},
year = {2010},
address = {Zurich, Switzerland},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/osterlind10cooja.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{tsiftes10framework,
title = {{A Framework for Low-Power IPv6 Routing Simulation,
Experimentation, and Evaluation}},
author = {Nicolas Tsiftes and Joakim Eriksson and Niclas Finne
and Fredrik Österlind and Joel Höglund and Adam
Dunkels},
booktitle = {ACM SIGCOMM 2010, demo session},
year = 2010,
month = aug,
address = {New Delhi, India},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/tsiftes10framework.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind10strawman,
title = {{StrawMAN: Making Sudden Traffic Surges Graceful in
Low-Power Wireless Networks}},
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Niklas Wirström and Nicolas
Tsiftes and Niclas Finne and Thiemo Voigt and Adam
Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 ACM HotEMNETS Workshop on
Hot Topics in Embedded Networked Sensosr},
year = 2010,
month = jun,
address = {Killarney, Ireland},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/osterlind10strawman.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{yazar10augmenting,
title = {Demo Abstract: Augmenting Reality with IP-based
Sensor Networks},
author = {Dogan Yazar and Nicolas Tsiftes and Fredrik
Österlind and Niclas Finne and Joakim Eriksson and
Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International
Conference on Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN 2010)},
year = 2010,
month = apr,
address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/yazar10augmenting.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{tsiftes10rpl,
title = {Poster Abstract: Low-Power Wireless IPv6 Routing
with ContikiRPL},
author = {Nicolas Tsiftes and Joakim Eriksson and Adam
Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International
Conference on Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN 2010)},
year = 2010,
month = apr,
address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/tsiftes10rpl.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{gonga10mobisense,
title = {Poster Abstract: MobiSense: Power-Efficient
Micro-Mobility in IPv6-based Sensor Networks},
author = {Antonio Gonga and Mikael Johansson and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE International
Conference on Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN 2010)},
year = 2010,
month = apr,
address = {Stockholm, Sweden}
}
@inproceedings{finne10improving,
title = {Improving Sensornet Performance by Separating System
Configuration from System Logic},
author = {Niclas Finne and Joakim Eriksson and Nicolas Tsiftes
and Thiemo Voigt and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on
Wireless Sensor Networks},
day = {17--19},
month = feb,
year = 2010,
address = {Coimbra, Portugal}
}
@inproceedings{yazar09efficient,
title = {{Efficient Application Integration in IP-based
Sensor Networks}},
author = {Dogan Yazar and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of ACM BuildSys 2009, the First ACM
Workshop On Embedded Sensing Systems For
Energy-Efficiency In Buildings},
month = nov,
year = 2009,
address = {Berkeley, CA, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/yazar09efficient.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind09sensornetdemo,
title = {Sensornet Checkpointing Between Simulated and
Deployed Networks},
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels and Zhitao He and
Nicolas Tsiftes},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International
Conference on Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN 2009), demo session},
year = 2009,
month = apr,
address = {San Francisco, USA}
}
@inproceedings{tsiftes09enabling,
title = {{Enabling Large-Scale Storage in Sensor Networks
with the Coffee File System}},
author = {Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels and Zhitao He and
Thiemo Voigt},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International
Conference on Information Processing in Sensor
Networks (IPSN 2009)},
year = 2009,
month = apr,
address = {San Francisco, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/tsiftes09enabling.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{mulligan09seamless,
author = {Geoff Mulligan and Colin O'Flynn and Mathilde Durvy
and Julien Abeill\'e and Patrick Wetterwald and
Blake Leverett and Eric Gnoske and Michael Vidales
and Nicolas Tsiftes and Niclas Finne and Adam
Dunkels},
title = {Seamless Sensor Network IP Connectivity},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on
Wireless Sensor Networks, EWSN 2009},
month = feb,
year = 2009,
address = {Cork, Ireland},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/mulligan09seamless.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{eriksson09towards,
title = {Towards Interoperability Testing for Wireless Sensor
Networks with COOJA/MSPSim},
author = {Joakim Eriksson and Fredrik {\"O}sterlind and Niclas
Finne and Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels and
Thiemo Voigt and Robert Sauter and Pedro Jos\'e
Marr\'on},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on
Wireless Sensor Networks, EWSN 2009},
month = feb,
year = 2009,
address = {Cork, Ireland}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind09sensornet,
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt
and Nicolas Tsiftes and Joakim Eriksson and Niclas
Finne},
title = {Sensornet checkpointing: Enabling Repeatability in
Testbeds and Realism in Simulators},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on
Wireless Sensor Networks, EWSN 2009},
month = feb,
year = 2009,
address = {Cork, Ireland}
}
@inproceedings{eriksson09accurate,
author = {Joakim Eriksson and Fredrik Österlind and Niclas
Finne and Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and Nicolas
Tsiftes},
title = {Accurate, network-scale power profiling for sensor
network simulators},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on
Wireless Sensor Networks, EWSN 2009},
month = feb,
year = 2009,
address = {Cork, Ireland}
}
@inproceedings{durvy08making,
author = {Mathilde Durvy and Julien Abeill\'e and Patrick
Wetterwald and Colin O'Flynn and Blake Leverett and
Eric Gnoske and Michael Vidales and Geoff Mulligan
and Nicolas Tsiftes and Niclas Finne and Adam
Dunkels},
title = {{Making Sensor Networks IPv6 Ready}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys 2008)},
year = 2008,
month = nov,
address = {Raleigh, North Carolina, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/durvy08making.pdf},
note = {Best poster award}
}
@inproceedings{colitti08satellite,
title = {Satellite Based Wireless Sensor Networks: Global
Scale Sensing with Nano- and Pico-Satellites},
author = {Walter Colitti and Kris Steenhaut and Nicolas
Descouvemont and Adam Dunkels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys 2008)},
year = 2008,
month = nov,
address = {Raleigh, North Carolina, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/colitti08satellite.pdf}
}
@inbook{dunkels09operating,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
chapter = {Operating Systems for Wireless Embedded Devices},
title = {The Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and
Engineering},
year = 2009,
month = jan,
address = {Hoboken, NJ, USA},
pages = {2039--2045},
volume = 4,
isbn = {978-0-471-38393-2},
editor = {Benjamin W. Wah}
}
@inproceedings{he08rethinking,
author = {Zhitao He and Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and
Nicolas Tsiftes},
title = {Rethinking link-level abstractions for sensor
networks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM
2008)},
day = 25,
month = aug,
year = 2008,
addres = {Cap Esterel, France},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/he08rethinking.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{eriksson08accurate,
author = {Joakim Eriksson and Fredrik Österlind and Niclas
Finne and Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Accurate power profiling for sensor network
simulators},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Scandinavian Workshop on
Wireless Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks},
day = {7--8},
month = may,
year = 2008,
address = {Stockholm, Sweden}
}
@inproceedings{eriksson08mspsim,
author = {Joakim Eriksson and Adam Dunkels and Niclas Finne
and Fredrik Österlind and Thiemo Voigt and Nicolas
Tsiftes},
title = {Demo abstract: MSPsim - an extensible simulator for
MSP430-equipped sensor boards},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on
Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2008)},
day = 30,
month = jan,
year = 2008,
address = {Bologna, Italy}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind08approaching,
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Approaching the Maximum 802.15.4 Multi-hop
Throughput},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Workshop on Embedded
Networked Sensors (HotEmNets 2008)},
year = 2008,
month = jun,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/osterlind08approaching.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{voigt08improving,
author = {Thiemo Voigt and Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Improving sensor network robustness with
multi-channel convergecast},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ERCIM Workshop on e-Mobility},
day = 30,
month = may,
year = 2008,
address = {Tampere, Finland}
}
@inproceedings{tsiftes08efficient,
title = {Efficient Sensor Network Reprogramming through
Compression of Executable Modules},
author = {Nicolas Tsiftes and Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual IEEE Communications
Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh, and Ad Hoc
Communications and Networks},
year = 2008,
month = jun,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/tsiftes08efficient.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{suarez08increasing,
author = {Pablo Suarez and Carl-Gustav Renmarker and Adam
Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {{Increasing ZigBee Network Lifetime with X-MAC}},
booktitle = {Proceedins of REALWSN 2008},
year = 2008,
month = apr,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/suarez08increasing.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{finne08experiences,
author = {Niclas Finne and Joakim Eriksson and Adam Dunkels
and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Experiences from Two Sensor Network Deployments
Self-Monitoring and Self-Configuration Keys to
Success},
booktitle = {Proceedings of WWIC 2008},
year = 2008,
month = may,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/finne08experiences.pdf},
note = {(C) Copyright 2008 Springer
Verlag. http://www.springer.de/comp/lncs/index.html}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels07demo,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Fredrik Österlind and Nicolas
Tsiftes and Zhitao He},
title = {Demo Abstract: Software-based Sensor Node Energy
Estimation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems (SenSys 2007)},
year = 2007,
month = nov,
address = {Sydney, Australia},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels07demo.pdf},
abstract = {Being able to estimate the energy consumption of
sensor nodes is essential both for evaluating
existing sensor network mechanisms and for
constructing new energy-aware mechanisms. We present
a software-based mechanism for estimating the energy
consumption of sensor node at run-time. Unlike
previous energy estimation mechanisms, our mechanism
does not require any additional hardware components
or add-ons. Our demonstration shows the energy
estimation in practice on a small network of Tmote
Sky motes running the Contiki operating system. A PC
connected to one of the motes shows the real-time
energy estimation of the network nodes and where the
energy is spent: CPU active, CPU sleeping, radio
transmitting, radio listening, and LEDs}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels07adaptive,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Fredrik Österlind and Zhitao He},
title = {An Adaptive Communication Architecture for Wireless
Sensor Networks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Networked
Embedded Sensor Systems (SenSys 2007)},
year = 2007,
month = nov,
address = {Sydney, Australia},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels07adaptive.pdf},
abstract = {As sensor networks move towards increasing
heterogeneity, the number of link lay ers, MAC
protocols, and underlying transportation mechanisms
increases. System developers must adapt their
applications and systems to accommodate a wid e
range of underlying protocols and
mechanisms. However, existing communication
architectures for sensor networks are not design ed
for this heterogeneity and therefore the system
developer must redevelop thei r systems for each
underlying communication protocol or mechanism. To
remedy this situation, we present a communication
architecture that adapts to a wide range of
underlying communication mechanisms, from the MAC
layer to the transport layer, without requiring any
changes to applications or protocols. We show that
the architecture is expressive enough to accommodate
typical sensor network protocols. Measurements show
that the increase in execution time over a
non-adaptive archit ecture is small.},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/dunkels07adaptive.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{voigt07sensor,
author = {Thiemo Voigt and Fredrik Österlind and Niclas Finne
and Nicolas Tsiftes and Zhitao He and Joakim
Eriksson and Adam Dunkels and Ulf Båmstedt and
Jochen Schiller and Klas Hjort},
title = {Sensor networking in aquatic envoronments -
experiences and new challenges},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second IEEE International
Workshop on Practical Issues in Building Sensor
Network Applications (SenseApp 2007)},
address = {Dublin, Ireland},
month = oct,
year = 2007,
url = {http://www.sics.se/~thiemo/senseapp2007.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels07simplifying,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Oliver Schmidt and Thiemo Voigt and
Muneeb Ali},
title = {Simplifying Memory-Constrained Event-Driven Programming
with Contiki's Protothreads},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Real-Time in Sweden 2007},
year = 2007,
month = aug,
address = {Västerås, Sweden}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels07reprogramming,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Niclas Finne and Joakim Eriksson
and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Reprogramming Wireless Sensor Networks with Run-Time Dynamic Linking in Contiki},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Real-Time in Sweden 2007},
year = 2007,
month = aug,
address = {Västerås, Sweden}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind07crosslevel,
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels and Joakim
Eriksson and Niclas Finne and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Cross-Level Sensor Network Simulation with COOJA},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Real-Time in Sweden 2007},
year = 2007,
month = aug,
address = {Västerås, Sweden}
}
@inproceedings{chen07time,
author = {Shujuan Chen and Adam Dunkels and Fredrik Österlind
and Thiemo Voigt and Mikael Johansson},
title = {Time Synchronization for Predictable and Secure Data
Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks},
year = 2007,
month = jun,
booktitle = {Proceedings of The Sixth Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc
Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2007)},
address = {Corfu, Greece},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/chen07time.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels07softwarebased,
title = {Software-based On-line Energy Estimation for Sensor
Nodes},
author = {Adam Dunkels and Fredrik Österlind and Nicolas
Tsiftes and Zhitao He},
year = 2007,
month = jun,
address = {Cork, Ireland},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Workshop on Embedded
Networked Sensors (Emnets IV)},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels07softwarebased.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/dunkels07softwarebased.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{braun07tcp,
author = {Torsten Braun and Thiemo Voigt and Adam Dunkels},
title = {TCP Support for Sensor Networks},
booktitle = {IEEE/IFIP WONS 2007},
address = {Obergurgl, Austria},
month = jan,
year = 2007
}
@inproceedings{dunkels07rime,
title = {Rime --- A Lightweight Layered Communication Stack
for Sensor Networks},
author = {Adam Dunkels},
year = 2007,
month = jan,
address = {Delft, The Netherlands},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Wireless
Sensor Networks (EWSN), Poster/Demo session},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels07rime.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{eriksson07mspsim,
title = {MSPsim -- an Extensible Simulator for
MSP430-equipped Sensor Boards},
author = {Joakim Eriksson and Adam Dunkels and Niclas Finne
and Fredrik Österlind and Thiemo Voigt},
year = 2007,
month = jan,
address = {Delft, The Netherlands},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Wireless
Sensor Networks (EWSN), Poster/Demo session},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/eriksson07mspsim.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind07cross,
title = {Cross-level Simulation in COOJA},
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels and Joakim
Eriksson and Niclas Finne and Thiemo Voigt},
year = 2007,
month = jan,
address = {Delft, The Netherlands},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Wireless
Sensor Networks (EWSN), Poster/Demo session},
url = {http://www.sics.se/%7Eadam/osterlind07crosslevel.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels06protothreads,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Oliver Schmidt and Thiemo Voigt and
Muneeb Ali},
title = {Protothreads: Simplifying Event-Driven Programming
of Memory-Constrained Embedded Systems},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2006)},
year = 2006,
month = nov,
address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
abstract = {Event-driven programming is a popular model for
writing programs for tiny embedded systems and
sensor network nodes. While event-driven programming
can keep the memory overhead down, it enforces a
state machine programming style which makes many
programs difficult to write, maintain, and debug. We
present a novel programming abstraction called
protothreads that makes it possible to write
event-driven programs in a thread-like style, with a
memory overhead of only two bytes per
protothread. We show that protothreads significantly
reduce the complexity of a number of widely used
programs previously written with event-driven state
machines. For the examined programs the majority of
the state machines could be entirely removed. In the
other cases the number of states and transitions was
drastically decreased. With protothreads the number
of lines of code was reduced by one third. The
execution time overhead of protothreads is on the
order of a few processor cycles.},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06protothreads.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06protothreads.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels06runtime,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Niclas Finne and Joakim Eriksson
and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Run-Time Dynamic Linking for Reprogramming Wireless
Sensor Networks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2006)},
year = 2006,
month = nov,
address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06runtime.ppt},
abstract = {From experience with wireless sensor networks it has become apparent
that dynamic reprogramming of the sensor nodes is a useful
feature. The resource constraints in terms of energy, memory, and
processing power make sensor network reprogramming a challenging
task. Many different mechanisms for reprogramming sensor nodes have
been developed ranging from full image replacement to virtual
machines.
We have implemented an in-situ run-time dynamic linker and loader that
use the standard ELF object file format. We show that run-time dynamic
linking is an effective method for reprogramming even resource
constrained wireless sensor nodes. To evaluate our dynamic linking
mechanism we have implemented an application-specific virtual machine
and a Java virtual machine and compare the energy cost of the
different linking and execution models. We measure the energy
consumption and execution time overhead on real hardware to quantify
the energy costs for dynamic linking.
Our results suggest that while in general the overhead of a virtual
machine is high, a combination of native code and virtual machine code
provide good energy efficiency. Dynamic run-time linking can be used
to update the native code, even in heterogeneous networks.},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06runtime.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{osterlind06crosslevel,
author = {Fredrik Österlind and Adam Dunkels and Joakim
Eriksson and Niclas Finne and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Cross-Level Sensor Network Simulation with COOJA},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop
on Practical Issues in Building Sensor Network
Applications (SenseApp 2006)},
year = 2006,
month = nov,
address = {Tampa, Florida, USA},
url = {http://www.sics.se/~fros/osterlind06crosslevel.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{rivas06simple,
author = {Helena Rivas and Thiemo Voigt and Adam Dunkels},
title = {A Simple and Efficient Method to Mitigate the Hot
Spot Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks},
booktitle = {Workshop on Performance Control in Wireless Sensor
Networks},
url = {http://www.sics.se/~thiemo/perf2006.pdf},
year = 2006,
month = may,
address = {Coimbra, Portugal}
}
@article{ali06mac_ccr,
author = {Muneeb Ali and Umar Saif and Adam Dunkels and Thiemo
Voigt and Kay R{\"o}mer and Koen Langendoen and
Joseph Polastre and Zartash Afzal Uzmi},
title = {Medium Access Control Issues in Sensor Networks},
journal = {{ACM SIGCOMM} Computer Communication Review},
month = {April},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{voigt05ondemand,
author = {Thiemo Voigt and Adam Dunkels and Torsten Braun},
title = {On-demand Construction of Non-interfering Multiple
Paths in Wireless Sensor Networks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Sensor Networks
at Informatik 2005},
year = 2005,
month = sep,
address = {Bonn, Germany}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels05janus,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Richard Gold and Sergio Angel Marti
and Arnold Pears and Mats Uddenfeldt},
title = {Janus: An Architecture for Flexible Access to Sensor
Networks},
booktitle = {First International ACM Workshop on Dynamic
Interconnection of Networks (DIN'05)},
year = 2005,
month = sep,
address = {Cologne, Germany}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels05using,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Oliver Schmidt and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {{Using Protothreads for Sensor Node Programming}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the REALWSN'05 Workshop on Real-World
Wireless Sensor Networks},
year = 2005,
month = jun,
address = {Stockholm, Sweden},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels05using.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/protothreads-realwsn05.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{voigt05impact,
author = {Thiemo Voigt and Adam Dunkels},
title = {The Impact of Knowledge about Neighbors on the
Efficiency of Geographic Routing},
year = 2005,
booktitle = {Proceedings of Radio Sciences and Communication
RVK'05},
month = jun
}
@article{braun05energy-efficient,
author = {Torsten Braun and Thiemo Voigt and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Energy-Efficient TCP Operation in Wireless Sensor
Networks},
year = 2005,
journal = {PIK Journal Special Issue on Sensor Networks},
note = {In press}
}
@inproceedings{ritter05experimental,
author = {Hartmut Ritter and Jochen Schiller and Thiemo Voigt
and Adam Dunkels and Juan Alonso},
title = {{Experimental Evaluation of Lifetime Bounds for
Wireless Sensor Networks}},
year = 2005,
month = jan,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on
Sensor Networks (EWSN2005)},
address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
abstract = {In this paper we present a method for experimental
lifetime measurements of sensor networks. Despite
the importance of experimental validation, none of
the lifetime models proposed so far has been
validated experimentally. One of the reasons for the
absence of practical validations might be the long
lifetime of batteries which make the validation of
the proposed models non-trivial and time
consuming. Our solution enables validation of
lifetime models within a reasonable amount of
time. We also use our method to validate a simple
mathematical model that provides bounds on the
lifetime of sensor networks.},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/ewsn2005.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04contiki,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Björn Grönvall and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Contiki - a Lightweight and Flexible Operating
System for Tiny Networked Sensors},
year = 2004,
month = nov,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First IEEE Workshop on Embedded
Networked Sensors (Emnets-I)},
address = {Tampa, Florida, USA},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels04contiki.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/slides/contiki-emnets.ppt},
abstract = {Wireless sensor networks are composed of large
numbers of tiny networked devices that communicate
untethered. For large scale networks it is important
to be able to dynamically download code into the
network. In this paper we present Contiki, a
lightweight operating system with support for
dynamic loading and replacement of individual
programs and services. Contiki is built around an
event-driven kernel but provides optional preemptive
multithreading that can be applied to individual
processes. We show that dynamic loading and
unloading is feasible in a resource constrained
environment, while keeping the base system
lightweight and compact.}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04ipbased,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and Niclas Bergman and
Mats Jönsson},
title = {{The Design and Implementation of an IP-based Sensor
Network for Intrusion Monitoring}},
year = 2004,
month = nov,
booktitle = {Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop},
address = {Karlstad, Sweden},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/sncnw2004.pdf},
abstract = {We present an experimental deployment of an IPbased
wireless sensor network that is intended to operate
as an intrusion monitoring system. This network is
the rst actual deployment of a fully IP-based
wireless sensor network with small and
computationally constrained sensor nodes. The
intrusion monitoring system detects motion in a
building which should be empty. The detected events
are transmitted to an external monitoring entity, as
well as logged inside the network. The logged events
are distributed throughout the network and can be
collected with a PDA inside the monitored
building. We have also learned that the software
development process is very time consuming unless
support for over-the-air reprogramming is
implemented, and that the unpredictability of radio
conditions make sensor node placement hard.}
}
@inproceedings{voigt04reliability,
author = {Thiemo Voigt and Adam Dunkels and Juan Alonso},
title = {Reliability in Distributed TCP Caching},
booktitle = {Workshop on Sensor Networks Workshop at Informatik
2004},
address = {Ulm, Germany},
month = sep,
year = 2004
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04distributed,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and Juan Alonso and
Hartmut Ritter},
title = {Distributed TCP Caching for Wireless Sensor
Networks},
year = {2004},
month = jun,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc
Networking Workshop (MedHocNet 2004)},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/medhoc2004.pdf},
abstract = {Many applications of wireless sensor networks are
useful only when connected to an external
network. Previous research on transport layer
protocols for sensor networks has focused on
designing protocols speci cally targeted for sensor
networks. The deployment of TCP/IP in sensor
networks would, however, enable direct connection
between the sensor network and external TCP/IP
networks. In this paper we focus on the performance
of TCP in the context of wireless sensor
networks. TCP is known to exhibit poor performance
in wireless environments, both in terms of
throughput and energy ef ciency. To overcome these
problems we introduce a mechanism called Distributed
TCP Caching (DTC). The DTC mechanism uses segment
caching and local retransmissions to avoid expensive
end-to-end retransmissions.We show by simulation
that DTC signi cantly improves TCP performance so
that TCP can be useful even in wireless sensor
networks.}
}
@inproceedings{voigt04solar,
author = {Thiemo Voigt and Hartmut Ritter and Jochen Schiller
and Adam Dunkels and Juan Alonso},
title = {{Solar-aware Clustering in Wireless Sensor
Networks}},
year = 2004,
month = jun,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE Symposium on Computers
and Communications}
}
@inproceedings{alonso04bounds,
author = {Juan Alonso and Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {Bounds on the Energy Consumption of Routings in
Wireless Sensor Networks},
year = 2004,
month = mar,
address = {Cambridge, UK},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd WiOpt, Modeling and
Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless
Networks},
url = {http://www.sics.se/cna/dtnsn/publications/WiOpt04FV.pdf},
abstract = {Energy is one of the most important resources in
wireless sensor networks. We use an idealized
mathematical model to study the impact of routing on
energy consumption. We find explicit bounds on the
minimal and maximal energy routings will consume,
and use them to bound the lifetime of the
network. The bounds are sharp and can be achieved in
many situations of interest. Our results apply to
sensor networks with a continuous data delivery
model, in which all sensors transmit with the same
power. Within this class, the results are very
general as they apply to arbitrary topologies,
routings and radio energy models. We illustrate the
theory with some examples. Among these, there is one
contradicting the popular belief that it is always
the nodes deployed nearest to base nodes that are
the most heavily loaded and, hence, the ones that
die first.}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04making,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and Juan Alonso},
title = {{Making TCP/IP Viable for Wireless Sensor Networks}},
year = 2004,
month = jan,
address = {Berlin, Germany},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First European Workshop on
Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2004),
work-in-progress session},
abstract = {{The TCP/IP protocol suite, which has proven itself
highly successful in wired networks, is often
claimed to be unsuited for wireless micro-sensor
networks. In this work, we question this
conventional wisdom and present a number of
mechanisms that are intended to enable the use of
TCP/IP for wireless sensor networks: spatial IP
address assignment, shared context header
compression, application overlay routing, and
distributed TCP caching (DTC). Sensor networks based
on TCP/IP have the advantage of being able to
directly communicate with an infrastructure
consisting either of a wired IP network or of
IP-based wireless technology such as GPRS. We have
implemented parts of our mechanisms both in a
simulator environment and on actual sensor nodes,
and preliminary results are promising.}},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/ewsn2004.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04connecting,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and Juan Alonso and
Hartmut Ritter and Jochen Schiller},
title = {{Connecting Wireless Sensornets with TCP/IP
Networks}},
year = 2004,
month = feb,
address = {Frankfurt (Oder), Germany},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference
on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications
(WWIC2004)},
abstract = {{Wireless sensor networks are based on the
collaborative efforts of many small wireless sensor
nodes, which collectively are able to form networks
through which sensor information can be
gathered. Such networks usually cannot operate in
complete isolation, but must be connected to an
external network to which monitoring and controlling
entities are connected. As TCP/IP, the Internet
protocol suite, has become the de-facto standard for
large-scale networking, it is interesting to be able
to connect sensornets to TCP/IP networks. In this
paper, we discuss three different ways to connect
sensor networks with TCP/IP networks: proxy
architectures, DTN overlays, and TCP/IP for sensor
networks. We conclude that the methods are in some
senses orthogonal and that combinations are
possible, but that TCP/IP for sensor networks
currently has a number of issues that require
further research before TCP/IP can be a viable
protocol family for sensor networking. }},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/wwic2004.pdf},
note = {(C) Copyright 2004 Springer
Verlag. http://www.springer.de/comp/lncs/index.html}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels03full,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {{Full TCP/IP for 8 Bit Architectures}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First ACM/Usenix International
Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and
Services (MobiSys 2003)},
year = {2003},
month = may,
organization = usenix,
address = {San Francisco},
abstract = {{We describe two small and portable TCP/IP
implementations fulfilling the subset of RFC1122
requirements needed for full host-to-host
interoperability. Our TCP/IP implementations do not
sacrifice any of TCP's mechanisms such as urgent
data or congestion control. They support IP fragment
reassembly and the number of multiple simultaneous
connections is limited only by the available
RAM. Despite being small and simple, our
implementations do not require their peers to have
complex, full-size stacks, but can communicate with
peers running a similarly light-weight stack. The
code size is on the order of 10 kilobytes and RAM
usage can be configured to be as low as a few
hundred bytes.}},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/mobisys2003.pdf},
ppt = {http://dunkels.com/adam/mobisys/mobisys-presentation.ppt}
}
@inproceedings{feeney02spontnet,
author = {Laura Marie Feeney and Bengt Ahlgren and Assar
Westerlund and Adam Dunkels},
title = {Spontnet: Experiences in Configuring and Securing
Small Ad Hoc Networks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of The Fifth International Workshop on
Network Applicances({IWNA5})},
address = {Liverpool, UK},
year = {2002},
month = oct,
url = {http://www.sics.se/~lmfeeney/publications/feeney02spontnet.pdf},
abstract = {In contrast with work focusing on routing problems
in mobile ad hoc networks, this work addresses the
problem of system configuration in such networks. In
particular, we are interested in ways to instantiate
the configuration infrastructure -- naming,
addressing, authentication, and key distribution --
needed to establish small-to-medium scale ad hoc
networks supporting collaborative applications. We
argue that, in such spontaneous networks,much of the
necessary infrastructure can be derived from the
face-to-face human interactions that these networks
are intended to facilitate. This approach has the
additional advantage of being intuitive for the
non-expert user.}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels11adhoc,
title = {{Low-power Interoperability for the IPv6-based
Internet of Things}},
author = {Adam Dunkels and Joakim Eriksson and Nicolas
Tsiftes},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Scandinavian Workshop on
Wireless Ad-hoc Networks (ADHOC ´11)},
year = 2011,
month = may,
address = {Johannesberg Castle, Stockholm},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels11adhoc.pdf}
}
@proceedings{rajarman10distributed,
editor = {Rajmohan Rajaraman and Thomas Moscibroda and Adam
Dunkels and Anna Scaglione},
title = {Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, 6th IEEE
International Conference, DCOSS 2010, Santa Barbara,
CA, USA, June 21-23, 2010. Proceedings},
booktitle = {DCOSS},
publisher = {Springer},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {6131},
year = {2010},
isbn = {978-3-642-13650-4},
ee = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13651-1}
}
@misc{dunkels09ercim,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {{Contiki: Bringing IP to Sensor Networks}},
howpublished = {{ERCIM News}},
number = 76,
month = jan,
year = 2009,
url = {http://ercim-news.ercim.org/content/view/496/705/},
abstract = {The open-source Contiki operating system brings IP,
the Internet Protocol, to sensor networks through
the uIP (micro Internet Protocol), uIPv6 protocol
stacks and the SICSlowpan IPv6-over-802.15.4
adaptation layer.}
}
@misc{dunkels08ipso,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Jean-Philippe Vasseur},
title = {{IP for Smart Objects}},
note = {IPSO Alliance White Paper #1},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels08ipso.pdf},
year = 2008,
month = sep,
abstract = {The emerging application space for smart objects
requires scalable and interoperable communication
mechanisms that support future innovation as the
application space grows. IP has proven itself a
long-lived, stable, and highly scalable
communication technology that supports both a wide
range of applications, devices, and underlying
communication technologies. The IP stack is
lightweight and runs on tiny, battery operated
embedded devices. IP therefore has all the qualities
to make The Internet of Things a reality,
connecting billions of communicating devices.}
}
@misc{voigt08proceedings,
author = {Thiemo Voigt and Adam Dunkels and Pedro Jose Marron
(editors)},
title = {{Proceedings of the ACM REALWSN'08, Workshop on
Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks}},
note = {ACM Press},
year = 2008,
address = {Glasgow, Scotland}
}
@techreport{voigt05proceedings,
author = {Thiemo Voigt and Christian Rohner and Adam Dunkels (editors)},
title = {{Proceedings of the REALWSN'05, Workshop on
Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks}},
institution = {SICS -- Swedish Institute of Computer Science},
year = 2005,
number = {T2005:09},
month = jun,
url = {ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2005-09--SE.pdf}
}
@techreport{dunkels05protothreads,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Oliver Schmidt},
title = {Protothreads - Lightweight Stackless Threads in C},
institution = {SICS -- Swedish Institute of Computer Science},
year = 2005,
number = {T2005:05},
month = mar,
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels05protothreads.pdf},
abstract = {Protothreads are a extremely lightweight, stackless
threads designed for use in severely memory
constrained systems such as embedded
systems. Software for memory constrained embedded
systems sometimes are based on an event-driven model
rather than on multi-threading. While event-driven
systems allow for reduced memory usage, they require
programs to be developed as explicit state
machines. Since implementing programs as explicit
state machines is hard, developing, maintaining, and
debugging programs for event-driven systems is
difficult.
Protothreads simplify implementation of
high-level functionality on top of event-driven
systems, without significantly increasing the memory
requirements. Protothreads can be implemented in in
the C programming language using 10 lines of code
and 2 bytes of RAM per protothread.}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels04integrated,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Laura Marie Feeney and Björn
Grönvall and Thiemo Voigt},
title = {An integrated approach to developing sensor network
solutions},
year = 2004,
month = aug,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on
Sensor and Actor Network Protocols and Applications},
address = {Boston, Massachusetts, USA},
note = {Invited paper},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/sanpa2004.pdf},
abstract = {This paper describes a prototype sensor networking
platform and its associated development
environment. Key elements of the system are the ESB
sensor hardware, the Contiki operating system, and
the communication stack, which includes a MAC layer
and a highly optimized TCP/IP. Because the work is
driven by prototype applications being developed by
project partners, particular attention is paid to
the development environment and to practical
deployment issues. Three prototype applications are
also presented.}
}
@misc{dunkels04ercim,
author = {Adam Dunkels and Thiemo Voigt and Juan Alonso},
title = {Connecting Wireless Sensor Networks with the
Internet},
howpublished = {{ERCIM News}},
number = 57,
month = apr,
year = 2004,
url = {http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/enw57/dunkels.html},
abstract = {Wireless sensor networks enable numerous advanced
monitoring and control applications. In this project
scientists at SICS are connecting sensor networks
with the Internet.}
}
@inproceedings{dunkels03tcp,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {{TCP/IP} for 8-bit Architectures},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Swedish National Computer
Networking Workshop},
address = {Arlanda stad, Sweden},
mon = aug,
year = 2003
}
@techreport{dunkels06lowoverhead,
author = {Adam Dunkels},
title = {A Low-Overhead Script Language for Tiny Networked
Embedded Systems},
year = 2006,
number = {T2006:15},
institution = {Swedish Institute of Computer Science},
month = sep,
abstract = {With sensor networks starting to get mainstream
acceptance, programmability is of increasing
importance. Customers and field engineers will need
to reprogram existing deployments and software
developers will need to test and debug software in
network testbeds. Script languages, which are a
popular mechanism for reprogramming in
general-purpose computing, have not been considered
for wireless sensor networks because of the
perceived overhead of interpreting a script language
on tiny sensor nodes. In this paper we show that a
structured script language is both feasible and
efficient for programming tiny sensor nodes. We
present a structured script language, SCript, and
develop an interpreter for the language. To reduce
program distribution energy the SCript interpreter
stores a tokenized representation of the scripts
which is distributed through the wireless
network. The ROM and RAM footprint of the
interpreter is similar to that of existing virtual
machines for sensor networks. We show that the
interpretation overhead of our language is on par
with that of existing virtual machines. Thus script
languages, previously considered as too expensive
for tiny sensor nodes, are a viable alternative to
virtual machines.},
url = {http://dunkels.com/adam/dunkels06lowoverhead.pdf}
}
1.95.